My quest to link all the Pope families in Caithness and Sutherland and to link those families to the Popes of Easter Ross and with a common ancestry have been more successful than I could ever imagine. Now the search is on to see if and where the last two or three Popes in the area connect into the large and, now worldwide, family of Popes. The mystery of one individual, John Pope, started in Sutherland but moved into Caithness and then to Edinburgh and Liverpool .

In September 1858 John Pope aged 29 years, from Durness, Sutherland in Scotland , an Agricultural Labourer arrived in Australia on the ‘David McIvor’ from Liverpool having paid £1 for his fare. He indicated that his parents were John and Jessie (Pope not stated but the surname of other parents was also omitted from the records so omission may not be significant), he could read and write, he was in good health, a Presbyterian and that his relative in the Colony was his cousin Hector Melville[1]. This Hector and his family in Scotland were already well documented and clearly the Pope connection would appear to be the source of the relationship. However, initially extensive searching did not find this John Pope in Australia nor a suitable emigrant from Sutherland. Despite this the Sutherland connection seemed clear and also on board the ‘David McIvor’ were two other Sutherland immigrant, a George Sutherland[2] also from Durness and John Morrison[3], son of Robert and Ann Morrison, from Eddrachillis. George married, had a family and died in New South Wales . Attempts to link him to John Pope back in Scotland have failed and indeed there may be no link and just a coincidental journey on the same ship though that seems a little too much to accept. As for John Morrison, no search in Australia has been carried out but maybe a future examination of his activities might be useful.

Looking though the Sutherland records proved fruitless but a John Pope in Wick seemed worth following. This John along with his wife, Ann Sutherland, had a child, Janet, in Wick on 31 March 1856. Searches for their marriage eventually identified their marriage in Edinburgh on 8 April 1853 and John was given as a Blacksmith from Liverpool and Ann as the daughter of a School Teacher in Wick, Robert Sutherland[4].

Both John and Ann were living at the same address in Leith at the time of their marriage, 14 Citadel Street . A marriage witness was also at this address, Scott Smith a Blacksmith subsequently found to be from Wick. Clearly a boarding house and known to Caithness folk as there was at least one other Caithnessian there amongst many residents in the 1851 census. Did John Pope join Scott Smith there from Wick or Liverpool or did John take Scott Smith there from Wick? Who knows and maybe it does not matter.

Further checking of the Caithness records brought the sad news that Ann Pope (ms Sutherland) had died in Thurso on 13 February 1857. Her death being reported by her husband, John. There was no indication of where John went after that and no sign of the young Janet. It appeared the search for John had come to an end. But as often happens in Genealogy, the chance find of the birth of an earlier child, Robert Pope, recorded in the Wick OPR to John and Ann and the discovery of a Jess Pope, a female child of 4 years, living with a McKay[5] family in Durness awakened interest. Strangely this child was described as a ‘Boarder’ despite her young age but additionally the lady of the house was not only a Janet McKay[6] but she had the maiden name Pope!

Examination of the OPR entry for Wick revealed a quite ambiguous situation. It is as follows:

The ambiguous OPR entry, shown above, added confusion to the disentangling of this mystery. Was this Robert born in Wick or Liverpool ? Was the entry placed by Ann’s parents? Who is the ‘F. Church Minister’ mentioned and was he in Wick or in Liverpool ? What it did do was to begin to tie together the story of a John Pope to Wick, Thurso, Edinburgh and Liverpool .

However, one of those questions was answered by an announcement in the marriage column in the John O’ Groat Journal:

A letter to the Liverpool Family History Society enquiring about the Rev Whyte brought an encouraging response. It appears that in the 1853 Gores directory there is no listing under Whyte but a Rev Verner Moor White minister of the Scotch Church 1 Salisbury Street, Liverpool appears. This at first suggested that this could have been the gentlemen concerned and if so the family in Wick would not have been sure of the spelling and would also have been unaware of the forename. However, this individual’s place in the story receded slightly when it was found that there was a minister in Canisbay, Caithness from 1845 to 1866 called Alexander Whyte. He was actually an established church minister and not Free Church, if that is what the F. Church in the entry referred to. Despite this difference it appeared possible that he was the minister referred to in the baptismal record though it was still puzzling why the name Liverpool follows the minister’s name as well as indicating John Pope’s place of residence.

The question of which minister was the one named on the Wick OPR entry remains but the fact that Robert was given in the newspaper announcement as being born in Liverpool made the probability of a Liverpool baptism more likely. The entry might have been precipitated by information given to the Clerk of the Wick Church by the proud grand-parents or by the parents on a swift return to Ann’s home town. The latter not being an unlikely and accounting for the no statutory recording of the birth in England .

The baptism record in Wick was not confirmed by an equivalent record of any kind in Liverpool . There was no birth recorded in Liverpool for Robert, or indeed anywhere else in England , there was no death in Liverpool or elsewhere, Scotland or England , for a suitable Robert and the church records for the Liverpool Scotch Church were said to no longer exist. One had then to assume, now known to be wrong, that Robert died in Scotland at a very young age and prior to statutory registration in 1855. This still left the question of where events took place.

Was John Pope in Wick or Liverpool when his son Robert was born, baptised and possibly died?

The trail had gone cold but continued searching for Robert, even though thought to be dead, revealed a Robert Pope aged 8 years in the 1861 census with Robert and Lillias Sutherland his grandparents and, of course, the parents of Ann Sutherland and wife of John Pope. Suddenly it became clear that John Pope had almost certainly placed a child with each side of the family. One with Ann’s parents and one with what appeared to be a Pope relative in Durness. Could the latter also be grandparents or some other close family connection? After all Janet McKay, ms Pope, did have a son John around the time of her marriage to George McKay. Maybe this John was actually illegitimate and known as John Pope in everything except the official records where he had been given George McKay’s name. It might even have been George’s child but born or conceived at any rate before the marriage to Janet Pope.

However, a further possibility came to the fore with the finding of Peter McLean[7] and Catherine Pope living in Liverpool and having a family there. This Catherine was the sister of the Janet Pope in Durness married to George McKay. Not only does this family further add to the Liverpool connection but one of their children was Andrew McLean a Ships’ Carpenter and working on the ship ‘Star of the South’ in Liverpool in 1859 who in that year married and also went to Australia. Clearly if John Pope was in Liverpool in the 1850s and Andrew there at the same time they probably knew one another being almost certainly from the same family. It would seem logical to at least speculate that John Pope was the nephew of Catherine McLean (MS Pope). Did he place his daughter Janet (Jess) with her grandparents or was she actually placed with her aunt in Durness? Could John Pope be the son of one of the siblings of Catherine and Janet or even the illegitimate son of one of those two sisters?

But what of young Jess Pope? Further searches of later census returns, marriages and deaths at first did not find her. She had disappeared from Scotland , was not found in Australia and initially did not appeared elsewhere in

Britain

. In 1871 she would still have been only 14 years and yet she did not seem to be with the McKay family she was with in 1861 nor with any other family connected to those McKays. Alternative forenames and surnames and various combinations were checked through the records in the hope that she simply changed her name and that is simply what happened. While checking the Sutherland family Sam Higgins noted an extra youngster in the Sutherland home in Wick in 1871 but under the name of Sutherland. Jess or Janet Pope was here with her Wick grandparents. It seemed very likely that after the death of Ann Pope her daughter to John Pope was placed by him with a relative in Durness for safe-keeping as a ‘Boarder’ while he earned a living and at some time between 1861 and 1871 she moved from Durness to her Wick grandparents. Janet’s brother Robert was no longer in the Wick household so this left one with the obvious next searches – those for John Pope and his son Robert. The initial searches in later census returns showed them to be absent from all records checked in Britain .

The question that arose was ‘Did John Pope travel to Australia and was he the John Pope who arrived in September 1858 from Durness, Sutherland and cousin to Hector Melville? It would account for his disappearance and the young Jess left in Durness. The Durness, Sutherland connection became quite clear with the apparent finding of a ‘second’ John Pope in Australia .

There seemed no resolving this question until the discovery on the internet of a website with information on this ‘second’ John Pope who married in Queensland in September 1862 and died in a remote part of Queensland in 1863 leaving a widow, a son John and a large number of Australian descendants. John Pope gave his occupation as Blacksmith at his marriage to Dorothea Gruber[8]. He said he was a bachelor. This would not be a surprising claim if he was, in fact, a widower from the other side of the world with hardly much likelihood of his new wife finding out his true status if indeed she did not know of the previous marriage.

John’s untimely death in December 1863 of consumption was reported by his widow, Dorothea Pope (ms Gruber) who indicated that he was a Blacksmith and from Sutherlandshire , Scotland . It seems most likely that this John was the one from Wick, Thurso, Durness, Edinburgh and Liverpool but it does not answer a number of questions and principally what happened to young Jess Pope and was this John Pope the same one who arrived in 1858. The age and other details are correct and though the time given in Australia at his death, by the widow, was given as eight years rather than in his sixth year there and the occupation given in 1858 was Agricultural Labourer rather than Blacksmith the balance of probability must that those Johns were one and the same person. Regarding the discrepancy in years in the Colony this seems a reasonable error or maybe unknown fact on the part of the widow and the occupational difference has been explained to me as due to the cost of travel to Australia . I am told that the cost of travel for a Blacksmith, being a tradesman, would be £5 more than for an Agricultural Worker and, of course apart from going for the cheaper option John Pope might well have been working on the land in Scotland when he decided to try his luck in the antipodes. It was common in Caithness and Sutherland for a rural blacksmith to also be a farmer or farm worker. Therefore he had the option of describing himself either way, and would choose the cheaper option, provided it would not affect his employment opportunity in

Australia

The advertisement for John Pope’s Blacksmith Business in the Gayndah and Central Queensland Advertiser.

The search in Scotland for John Pope goes on. At least one existed, claimed to be from Sutherland and was there for a traceable part of his life. Why there is no record of a birth, why there is no record of the parents stated in 1858 on entry to Australia and why there is no other statutory record or census record remains a mystery. Regarding the parents on the entry to Australia record, it is worth speculating that the Jessie referred to was actually Janet Pope since the names Jessie and Janet were interchangeable in Scotland at the time. The father given as John might be accurate being the father of the illegitimate John junior, a mistake in entry with John being entered in both places or an attempt by John Pope to hide his possible illegitimacy.

Equally baffling, as we have seen, had been the disappearance of Jess (Janet) Pope after 1861 and what relationship she had to Janet McKay (Pope) as surely there must have been quite a close family connection. The trail after 1871 and her discovery in that year once again went cold until the finding of a marriage record in Newcastle for a Jessie Pope revived interest. The certificate was ordered and here she was, the missing Jess Pope, Boarder from Durness and daughter of John Pope, Blacksmith. She married George Arthur Perry, an accountant in Newcastle on 3 January 1881. George was given as a widower with his address as Westmoreland Terrace, Newcastle and occupation noted as Accountant. His father, also George, was given as a Surgeon, deceased. Surprisingly Jessie’s address is given as Montpellier Terrace, Sunderland . Mis-spelt on the certificate as Maltpelier but identified by family history contact Robert Morrison as this rather prosperous area of Sunderland . There is also on the certificate an interesting witness by the name of Robert Pope. Most likely the missing brother of Jessie and son of John Pope and Ann Sutherland. This puzzling and confused family add further to the inconsistent recording of their backgrounds by indicating Jessie to still be single in the 1881 census and in service as a Domestic servant in the home of John Maugham, Vicar of Mickley, at Mickley Vicarage but having an address in Sunderland in January 1881. The census entry could be an error or possibly this couple, whose family connections seem to have become more dysfunctional as time went on, actually married without the knowledge of the Vicar with the couple living apart for a time.

Above the 1881 census showing Jessie Pope as single and living at Mickley Vicarage.

Jessie Pope’s marriage certificate showing she married some months before the above census.

With the finding of Robert on the marriage certificate the hunt of him before and after 1881 once again became a priority. The 1871 census search being unsuccessful in the United Kingdom records the search moved abroad. A Robert Pope of the correct age was identified in the United States of America , in Chicago , living with his Scottish uncle and aunt. The uncle’s name being Alexander Sutherland, which coincidentally was the name of Ann Sutherland‘s brother. This is then surely must be the missing Robert who presumably returned to Scotland prompted to do so by bereavements. Robert and Lilias Sutherland, his grandparents, passed away but possibly even more importantly his uncle Alexander in the US died and Robert’s aunt remarried.

The finding of Jess/Jessie Pope and Robert was not the only interesting development in the north of

England

. In Durham a McKie Pope, born in Scotland , appeared in the 1871 census with his wife Jane[9] and two daughters and the death of a McKay Pope, in South Shields , was recorded for 1871. There was a McKay Pope born to Hugh and Johanna Pope in Durness and of the correct age to be this McKie/McKay. Having obtained the marriage and death certificates for McKay Pope he proved to be the son of the aforementioned Hugh and Johanna. He was recorded as Master Mariner but unfortunately the sea took the life of this mariner as he was drowned in a boat capsize while salmon fishing on 1st May 1864. This tragedy was not the only one to befall the family with the death, at a young age, of their two daughters.

Further information of possible significance quickly appeared after the finding of Jessie Pope in Newcastle . After much searching and then the invaluable assistance of Robert Morrison in the Newcastle area it transpired that a George Arthur Perry and a Jessie Perry, with ages consistent with the individuals being sought, were located in the London area. This Jessie, aged 34 years, died on 12th March 1891 in Marylebone, London and George passed away in 1934. A George also appeared in the 1891 census as a 39 year old widower and working as a Pawnbrokers Assistant in Deptford, London . This latter date is at variance with the death age in 1901 but it was felt possible that they were one and the same person. Unfortunately, the death certificates, as is typical or English recording, was inconclusive with regard to both individuals and so further research in both the North of England and London became necessary to solve this part of the puzzle. However, later information did indeed confirm this death information to be accurate and for the George Arthur Perry sought in connection with the Pope family mystery.

As often happens in family research a trail goes cold for a time and then an unexpected breakthrough occurs. In the case of the Perry connection this breakthrough came by way of my family website and the spotting of the ‘John Pope Mystery Page’ by a Perry family member Mandy Perry (married name Mandy Elhashash). Mandy’s work on her Perry ancestors, whose lifestyle seems to have been as irregular as the Popes, added much new and interesting, indeed intriguing, information to this already complicated story.

Mandy confirmed that George Arthur, or Arthur as he sometimes preferred to be called, was living in Marylebone in 1891[10] with his son John Arthur Perry and various domestic staff and a sick nurse called Edith Youell. The entry gives a birth date of about 1853/54 while indicating the place of birth to be South America and this place of birth being the reason why a previous search for the earlier Perry’s proved fruitless. Three other interesting points are raised by the census entry. One being the claim that (George) Arthur was married when he was actually a widower, another the appearance of a son, John A. Research revealed that this was the son of George Arthur and Jessie Pope providing a further generation for this Pope line and finally the Youell entry was in error giving the nurse as female but the name as Ernest. Later research indicates that the name should have read Edith Youell and that Edith had a brother Edward but not a brother Ernest. This Edith was after the death of Jessie to George Arthur Perry and this marriage and the resulting family brought even more connections in Britain and Australia in the story. Principally from the point of view of this research the contact made with John Perry in Australia , direct ancestor of the George Arthur Perry and Edith Youdell marriage. Strange to think that there are now large numbers of descendants of John Pope and his daughter Jessie in Australia and only now getting to realise the other’s existence.

The marriage information for Arthur George (or George Arthur) Perry’s second or more likely third marriage was as follows:

Mandy Perry’s direct interest in this puzzle becomes clear when she states that Edith Youell, whom George Arthur married in Clacton registration district of Tendring on 14 September 1891, is most likely her great, grandmother through her grandfather Maurice Perry, the third son of George Arthur from his second marriage or his third marriage if he was indeed a widower when he married Jessie Pope. The family was residing in the 1901 census[11] in Fingringhoe, Essex but John Arthur, the son to Jessie Pope, was still residing at the Marylebone address with an the occupation of Sanitary Inspector’s Assistant/Apprentice thus giving the impression he is probably working with his father.

The final official reference to John Arthur Perry in England appears to have been his marriage to Florence Stewart Andews in Willesden Green, Hendon Middlesex in December 1903. The lack of further reference in England was mostly likely due to his emigration to Australia . Mandy Perry’s mother indicated to her that John Arthur probably emigrated to Australia and a relative of one of George Arthur Perry’s sons by his second, or possibly third, marriage confirmed this and that he had emigrated about 1911. This was later confirmed in official documents by the finding of reference to John Arthur Perry in an Australian Imperial Forces document in 1915 relating to the members of the forces enlisted for service abroad in WW1. This document gave his place of birth as Dulwich West, London , England and his address in Australia as Clayton Road , Clayton , Victoria . His next of kin was given as his wife Florence and it would appear that John Arthur had served in the army in Britain for two months before buying himself out for £1 from the 7^th Battalion King’s Royal Regiment. It is not clear how long John Arthur remained in the forces and whether he indeed did go abroad for combat. The word ‘Discharged’ is written across the top of the document and across it in red ink the word ‘cancelled’ appears. Those may be references to an early exit from the Australian Imperial Force or simply added at a later date after service was completed. Further research is needed to clarify this.

Mandy Perry gives some further background on her complicated ancestors in her description, in the footnotes, of her great grandfather’s background and that of her grandfather[12]. Some of this information has been omitted from this report due to the newness of the detail but anyone with a right and good reason to know may contact myself or Mandy regarding this.

As has tended to be the pattern with this research the trail went cold for some month until, out of the blue, I was contacted by a John Perry from Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia, a direct descendant of John and Florence Perry who went to Australia early in the 20^th century. John sent me much information regarding his Perry family in Australia on his family CD and the pictures printed below. Only information relevant to this research and that of a non-sensitive nature is recorded here.

Who would have thought at the start of this research into the identity of ‘little Jesse Pope in Durness’ that pictures her and her husband and her son would appear.

Throughout this report of the John Pope Mystery many questions have been posed and answered and others have appeared but without resolution at this time. There were many questions associated with the Perrys both connected to the Pope marriage era and in later times. Those unresolved questions relating to the first and third marriages of George Arthur Perry were of indirect interest and taxed my enquiring mind but of greatest interest was the background to the marriage to Jessie Pope and later movements of their son, John Arthur Perry. The following questions in particular were of some importance and slowly answers appeared for some of those questions.

Who exactly were the Perry family and what is their history before George Arthur Perry? They were in South America and elsewhere around the World but what were they doing there and exactly where were other family members born? Where was George Arthur Perry’s father throughout the time of the marriage of George Arthur and Jessie Pope?

How and why did Jessie Pope turn up in the North of England working in a Vicarage?

Was it a complete coincidence that Jessie Pope, for sometime in Durness, married in Newcastle , Northumberland and at the same time McKay Pope from Durness was residing in nearby South Shields ?

What happened to Robert Pope after 1871 and did he return to the USA . Or was he simply ‘lost’ elsewhere in the World at census times being a sailor?

This is one of the puzzles in the story that is at least partly resolved. Information from Perry descendant John Perry, mentioned above, indicates that Robert was reported by John Arthur Perry, the son of Janet Pope and George Arthur Perry, to have become a seaman though at what rank unknown. This would account for Robert’s not appearing in the British census and his ability to turn up at his sister Janet’s marriage and disappear just as quickly.

And most importantly, was John Pope, as suspected, the illegitimate son of Janet Pope, the wife of George Mackay of Durness?

I have search long and hard for answers and been more than ably assisted in the task by Sam Higgins from Glasgow, a young and enthusiastic family history researcher and member of the Pope family. Without her assistance, that of Richard Snedden, a member of the Pope Melville families in Australia, Caithness Family History Society member Robert Morrison in the North East of England and Mandy Perry and John Perry, the direct descendants of George Arthur Perry we would have not progressed this far in the search for John, Robert and Jess Pope and their fascinating connected families.

[1] Hector Melville (1833 – 1900) was the son of John Melville and Roberta Pope. (Roberta’s parents were Hector Melville and Isabella Matheson). Hector born 1833 went to Sydney , Australia - travelled on the ' St Helena ' and arrived on 10th Dec. 1854. Interred Rookwood Cemetery , Sydney . Sands Directory - 1883, 1891/92/93/95 and 1890 - profession listed as coachbuilder and wheelwright with address in all issues as Bedford Street , Newtown . Given as Overseer on marriage certificate. Ship details (1854) - Age 24, Farm Labourer, native of Clyne, Sutherlandshire, Paid £1, could read and write, no relatives in Colony.

[2] George Sutherland, son of Roderick and Mary Sutherland, sometimes given the middle name of McKay, married Emma Want in Grafton New South Wales in 1869. They had at least nine children – Angus, Hannah Maria, Mary, George Roderick, Roderick, Julia Margaret, Georgina , Kenneth, Emma and Alexandrina I. George arrived on the David McIver in Australia in September 1858 having paid a fare of £1. George’s father, Roderick, was given as a Farmer on the David McIver shipping list.

[3] John Morrison, born 18 September 1832, was the son of Robert and Ann Morrison and was from Eddrachillis, Sutherland. According on information on arrival in Australia he was 26 years of age, a Farm Labourer, able to read and write but had no relatives in the colony.

[4] Robert Sutherland, born c1801, was a school teacher in Wick. His wife was Lillias Malcolm, born c1803, and they were married 20 October 1820. Indications are that they had at least five children – Jean, David, Robert, Ann and Alexander.

[5] George McKay and his wife Janet McKay ms Pope and their family had along with them Jess Pope, a 4 year old boarder in 1861 census.

[6] Janet McKay (ms Pope) details according to census:

1841 census Age 30 Estimated Birth Year 1813 Place of Birth: Sutherland

1851 census Age 43 Estimated Birth Year 1808 Place of Birth: Durness, Sutherland

1861 census Age 48 Estimated Birth Year 1813 Place of Birth: Brora, Sutherland

At Marriage Age From : Loth, Sutherland

At Death Age 58 Estimated Birth Year 1810 Parents: Hector Pope and Isabella MacPherson

Those details are at variance and cause considerable problem not least because no Hector apart from the one married to Isabella Matheson can be found. Since the MacPherson surname is given on a death certificate it could well be wrong. All other Pope evidence suggests that this is Janet born to Hector Pope and Isabella Matheson in 1805 In Doll of Brora, Clyne.

[7] The George S Taylor Manuscript on the Pope families prepared in early1830 by the Golspie Writer/Solicitor notes Peter and Catherine McLean in Liverpool and with four children (There may have been another two children). Andrew McLean was one of those children. Andrew married Elizabeth Ross in Golspie in 1859 and then went to Ashby , Victoria , Australia and had at least 6 children there. Elizabeth ’s sister, Helen, was already in Ashby and married to David Webster.

[8] Mary (Maria) Dorothea (Bertha) Gruber b: 5 JUN 1846 in Niederaroff, Nassau , Germany daughter of Johann Philip Gruber and Luise Katharina Margarethe Bode. Son John to John Pope born 27 SEP 1863 in Gayndah, Queensland, Australia and died 18 NOV 1937 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. John Pope junior married Agnes Emily O'Connell and they had at least 8 Children. Dorothea Gruber may have been married before marriage to John Pope and was married later to George Louis Walker and they had 9 children. (information on Rootsweb).

[9] Jane Scott, born 4^th March 1847 and married 16 March 1864, had two children to McKay Pope – Sarah born c1867, died 1882 and Hannah born c1869, died 1874. Mother and children born in County Durham .

[10] 1891 Census; Arthur Perry, 45 Townsend Road, St John’s Wood, Marylebone, married, head aged 37 years, Sanitary Inspector born St Tago. Also at address; John A Perry, son aged 6 years, born West Dulwich, Kent and Ernest Youell (name error), unmarried Servant aged 25 years, Sick Nurse, born Camberwell. Beatrice Golding, Servant residing there also. (Is St Tiago actually Santiago as 1901 census gives birthplace as South America or is it St Tiago one of the Cape Verde Islands of the African Coast?).

[11] 1901 Census; Arthur Perry, 49 Laurel House, Fingrinhoe, Essex, married, head of household aged 47 years, Sanitary Inspector, born South America, British Subject. Others in household: Edith Perry, wife, 35 years, born London; Dorothy Perry, Unmarried daughter aged 9 years born Ipswich, Suffolk; Edward Perry unmarried son aged 7 years born London; Percival Perry unmarried son aged 4 years born London; Alice Youell unmarried sister of wife Edith aged 29 years.